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Evolving Fixed Access Economics in the 25G and 50G PON Era

This report examines how the transition toward 25G and 50G PON reshapes fixed access economics beyond simple speed upgrades. While next-generation PON technologies are technically mature, their economic justification remains highly selective, driven by utilisation uncertainty, shorter refresh cycles and rising governance complexity.

The analysis moves from market demand realities to architectural and ecosystem trade-offs,

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L’IA au service de l’optimisation en temps réel des ressources radio 6G

Le rapport analyse l’optimisation des ressources radio comme l’un des axes les plus structurants de la transition vers la 6G pilotée par l’IA.
Dans un environnement marqué par la densification du RAN, la virtualisation, la variabilité du canal et la pression croissante sur les coûts et l’énergie, l’enjeu central est d’industrialiser des boucles de

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Entre FWA et trafic mobile, un conflit de capacité structurelle

Le spectre à bande moyenne est le pilier de la capacité 5G et de la croissance de l’accès fixe sans fil (FWA), mais il constitue également une contrainte structurelle pour les réseaux d’accès. Contrairement au trafic mobile, le FWA génère une demande soutenue et concentrée dans le temps, qui dépasse le seuil de capacité minimal

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Balancing AI server refresh cycles vs circularity constraints in data centers

This study aims to explain the structural mismatch between fast AI hardware innovation cycles and long-lived, sustainability-driven data center infrastructure. It assesses why 2 to 5 year server refresh practices conflict with circular economy objectives, given that most embodied carbon sits in manufacturing, around 70 to 90 percent. It analyses how high power densities and

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Who Controls the Access Layer?

LEO constellations and Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) are not just adding new connectivity. They are reshaping control within hybrid terrestrial + satellite architectures.

Between 2026 and 2030, NTN is unlikely to materially increase total telecom capex in mature markets. Instead, it will redistribute value—away from marginal access expansion and toward integration, orchestration, and policy control layers.

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