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LEO constellations and Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) are not just adding new connectivity. They are reshaping control within hybrid terrestrial + satellite architectures.
Between 2026 and 2030, NTN is unlikely to materially increase total telecom capex in mature markets. Instead, it will redistribute value—away from marginal access expansion and toward integration,
Since 28 February 2026, with tensions flaring between Iran, the United States and Israel, and as the war in Ukraine continues to take its toll on Europe in the long term, one reality has become clear: national security is no longer confined to traditional military spheres. It is also at
As traffic growth driven by cloud, video, AI and mobile continues to outpace transport revenue growth, backbone and metro networks face structural margin pressure. IP-optical convergence has improved architectural efficiency, but as it scales, the constraint shifts: technical integration alone does not ensure operational scalability, cross-layer visibility, SLA assurance or
This report examines how the transition toward 25G and 50G PON reshapes fixed access economics beyond simple speed upgrades.
While next-generation PON technologies are technically mature, their economic justification remains highly selective, driven by utilisation uncertainty, shorter refresh cycles and rising governance complexity.
As residential FTTH markets across Europe mature, operators face slowing growth and diminishing returns on further household expansion. At the same time, SMEs remain significantly underserved: their fibre coverage lags residential by 20–40 points, and most operate below the performance thresholds required for cloud, cybersecurity and hybrid work.
This report
Digital infrastructure is undergoing rapid transformation as the volume and diversity of data traffic continue to grow. Over the past few decades, residential internet speeds have increased significantly, while new digital practices (high-definition streaming, online gaming, artificial intelligence, immersive environments, and connected devices) have intensified the pressure on telecommunications networks.<br
Mid-band spectrum is the backbone of both 5G capacity and Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) growth, but it is also becoming a structural constraint for access networks. Unlike mobile traffic, FWA generates sustained, time-concentrated demand that raises the minimum capacity floor of the RAN and challenges mobile-centric dimensioning models.
This report
Standardisation and scalability This report analyses deployment models for quantum-safe data transport (QSDT) between 2025 and 2035, based on the Harvest Now, Decrypt Later (HNDL) risk and standardisation/regulation dynamics. It compares the two technological pillars (PQC as the default and scalable route, QKD as a targeted complement for a limited
Data & forecasts up to 2031 Five years after its launch, 5G has reached middle-age, 5G SA is gaining momentum and 5G-Advanced is beginning to emerge. The telecom industry faces mounting pressure to deliver seamless, fast, and reliable 5G connectivity, driving significant and ongoing investments to meet growing demands. By