
Who Controls the Access Layer?
LEO constellations and Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) are not just adding new connectivity. They are reshaping control within hybrid terrestrial + satellite architectures.
Between 2026 and 2030, NTN is unlikely to materially increase total telecom capex in mature markets. Instead, it will redistribute value—away from marginal access expansion and toward integration, orchestration, and policy control layers.